One direction rotation bearing technical principle

One direction rotation bearing is a kind of bearing that can rotate freely in one direction and lock in the other direction. The metal shell of one direction rotation bearing contains many rollers, needles or balls, and the shape of its rolling seat (hole) makes it roll only in one direction, and it will produce great resistance in the other direction (so-called "one-way").

Working principle of one direction rotation bearing

1. Ramp and roller design

The ramp and roller one-way clutch basically consists of an outer ring with a cylindrical inner diameter, an inner ring with a ramp, and a group of rollers that bear spring force and are always in close contact with the inner and outer rings. As long as the rotation of one of the raceways in its direction of movement affects the other, this arrangement essentially ensures the immediacy of the overrunning speed and guarantees the immediate driving ability.

The use of this type of one direction rotation bearing can be suitable for overrunning, indexing and non-returning in various environments. When used as an overrunning one-way clutch, the ramp roller one-way clutch will be installed in this way, that is, the outer ring is used as an overrunning component. This is very important for high-speed overrunning. In the use of inner ring overrunning, the centrifugal force acting on the roller will cause the overrunning speed to be limited;

When used as a non-return one-way clutch, the ramp roller one-way clutch with only the inner ring rotating is suitable for relatively low speeds. If the required speed is higher than the recommended speed, it is recommended to use a wedge-type one-way clutch.

When used as an indexing one-way clutch, the outer ring is often regarded as a swing element and the inner ring is often regarded as a slave element. Otherwise, the inertia of the roller and the spring will cause errors, especially at high-frequency indexing. The use of diluted lubricating oil and strong springs provides accuracy and high quality of high-speed indexing.

2. Wedge design

This wedge-type one direction rotation bearing is generally composed of an inner ring, an outer ring, a wedge group, a wedge retainer, a strong spring and a bearing. The wedge transfers force from one raceway to another by wedging between the inner and outer rings. The wedge has two diagonal diameters (i.e., the distance from one corner of the wedge to the other diagonal), one of which is larger than the other. The wedging action occurs when the inner and outer rings rotate relative to each other, forcing the wedge to a larger vertical position on a larger cross section.

3. Self-locking angle The wedging action mainly depends on the wedging of the wedge between the inner and outer rings and the self-locking angle. The basic concept of the wedge one-way clutch requires that the friction coefficient of the wedge is related to the sudden torque generated by the inner ring in the driving direction. This friction value must be greater than the tangent value of the self-locking angle. If the conditions are not safe, wedging will not occur.

The self-locking angle is determined by the structure of the wedge, and the points on the inner and outer rings are connected to the wedges respectively.

The wedge design has a very low initial self-locking angle to ensure absolute engagement at the beginning. As the torque increases, a radial force will be generated on the wedge, which can deflect the wedge raceway, causing the wedge to roll to a new position. The wedge is often designed with a self-locking angle that can be gradually increased, as it goes from the overrunning position to the maximum load-bearing position. A larger self-locking angle can reduce the radial force generated by the wedge, thereby allowing a larger torque to be transmitted as long as the elongation and Brinell hardness limit requirements are within.

one direction rotation bearing Main uses: textile machinery; printing machinery; automobile industry; household appliances; banknote detector.

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