Technical principle of one way ball bearings

1. Slope and roller design

Slope and roller type one way ball bearings are basically composed of an outer ring with a cylindrical inner diameter, an inner ring with a slope, and a set of rollers that respectively bear spring force and are always in close contact with the inner and outer rings. This arrangement essentially ensures immediacy of overrun speed and guarantees immediate actuation capability as long as rotation of one of the raceways in its direction of motion affects the other.

2. Wedge design

This wedge type one way ball bearings are generally composed of an inner ring, an outer ring, a wedge set, a wedge cage, a strong spring and a bearing. Wedges transmit force from one raceway to the other by wedging between the inner and outer rings. Wedges have two diagonal diameters, (that is, the distance from one corner of the wedge to the opposite corner) one of which is larger than the other. Wedging occurs when the inner and outer rings rotate relative to each other, forcing the wedge to have a greater vertical position over a larger cross-section.

3. Self-locking angle

The wedging action mainly depends on the wedging and self-locking angle of the wedge between the inner and outer rings. The basic concept of wedge one way ball bearings requires that the friction coefficient of the wedge is related to the sudden torque generated by the inner ring in the driving direction, and this friction value must be greater than the tangent of the self-locking angle. If conditions are not safe, wedging will not occur. The self-locking angle is determined by the structure of the wedge, and the points on the inner and outer rings are respectively connected with the wedge.

The wedge is designed with a very low initial self-locking angle to ensure absolute engagement from the start. As the torque increases, a radial force is exerted on the wedge that deflects the wedge raceway, causing the wedge to roll to a new position. Wedges are often designed to have a progressively increasing self-locking angle as it progresses from the overrun position to the maximum load bearing position. A relatively large self-locking angle can reduce the radial force generated by the wedge, thus allowing a large torque to be transmitted as long as the elongation and Brinell hardness limit requirements are met.

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