How much do you know about the structure of tapered bearing?

Tapered bearing is split-type bearings, with tapered raceways on both the inner and outer rings. This type of bearing is divided into single-row, double-row and four-row tapered roller bearings according to the number of rows of rollers installed. Tapered roller bearings are mainly used to bear radial and axial combined loads, mainly radial loads. Compared with angular contact ball bearings, they have a larger load capacity and a lower limit speed.

Tapered bearing has tapered inner and outer raceways, with tapered rollers arranged between them. The projection lines of all tapered surfaces converge at the same point on the bearing axis. This design makes tapered roller bearings particularly suitable for bearing combined (radial and axial) loads. The load capacity of a tapered bearing depends on the raceway angle of the outer ring. The larger the angle, the greater the load capacity. The axial load capacity of a bearing is mostly determined by the contact angle α; the larger the α angle, the higher the axial load capacity. The angle size is expressed by the calculation coefficient e; the larger the e value, the larger the contact angle, and the greater the applicability of the bearing to bear axial loads.

Single-row tapered bearing can bear radial loads and unidirectional axial loads. When the bearing is subjected to radial load, an axial force component will be generated, so another bearing that can withstand the axial force in the opposite direction is needed to balance it. Tapered bearing can withstand axial load in one direction and can limit the axial displacement of the shaft or housing in one direction.

Tapered bearing is usually a separate type, that is, the tapered inner ring assembly consisting of an inner ring with a roller and a cage assembly can be installed separately from the tapered outer ring (outer ring). Tapered bearings are widely used in automobiles, rolling mills, mining, metallurgy, plastic machinery and other industries. The angle of the outer ring and the outer raceway diameter have been standardized and specified in the same way as the outer dimensions. Changes are not allowed during design and manufacturing, so that the outer ring and inner assembly of the tapered roller bearing can be interchanged worldwide.

The clearance of a single-row tapered bearing needs to be adjusted by the user during installation; the clearance of double-row and four-row tapered roller bearings has been given according to user requirements when the product leaves the factory and does not require user adjustment.

Classification of Tapered Bearing

Single-row tapered bearing
A single-row tapered bearing has an outer ring, and its inner ring and a group of tapered rollers are enclosed by a basket-shaped cage to form an inner ring assembly. The outer ring can be separated from the inner ring assembly. According to the provisions of the ISO tapered roller bearing dimension standard, any standard model of tapered roller bearing outer ring or inner ring assembly should be internationally interchangeable with the same model outer ring or inner ring assembly. That is, in addition to the external dimensions and tolerances of the outer ring of the same model that must comply with the provisions of ISO492 (GB307), the cone angle of the inner ring assembly, the cone diameter of the assembly, etc. must also comply with the relevant provisions of interchangeability.
Usually, the cone angle of the outer ring raceway of a single-row tapered bearing is between 10° and 19°, and it can withstand the combined action of axial loads and radial loads at the same time. The larger the cone angle, the greater the ability to withstand axial loads. Bearings with large cone angles have a post-code plus B, and the cone angle is between 25° and 29°, which can withstand larger axial loads. In addition, the size of the clearance of a single-row tapered roller bearing can be adjusted during installation.

Double-row tapered bearing
The outer ring (or inner ring) of a double-row tapered bearing is a whole. The small end faces of the two inner rings (or outer rings) are close, and there is a spacer in the middle. The clearance is adjusted by the thickness of the spacer, and the thickness of the spacer can also be used to adjust the pre-interference of the double-row tapered roller bearing.

Four-row tapered bearing
The performance of the four-row tapered bearing is basically the same as that of the double-row tapered roller bearing, but it bears a larger radial load than the double-row tapered roller bearing, and the limit speed is slightly lower. It is mainly used for heavy machinery.

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